GIFT   ©F 


NAVY  OEPAKTMKN11 


t  • 

.V,    3.    H.    81 


LUBRICATING  OILS 

AS  PURCHASED  BY 

BUREAU  01  ENGINEERING 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT 


General  Information  for  Refiners 
of  Petroleum 


Revised  March  1,  1920 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1920 


GENERAL  INFORMATION  FOR  REFINERS 
OF  PETROLEUM 


REGARDING 


TESTS  OF  LUBRICATING  OILS 

AT  THE  ENGINEERING  EXPERIMENT 
STATION,  ANNAPOLIS,  MD. 


ALSO 

INFORMATION  CONCERNING 

TESTS  OF  GREASES  AND  SOLUBLE  OILS 

AT  THE  LABORATORY  OF  THE  MACHINERY 
DIVISION,  NAVY  YARD,  NEW  YORK 


Revised  and  issued  under  date  of  March  1, 1920,  by  the 

Bureau  of  £|MMB  Engineering,  and  subject  to  change 

or  modification  as  found  desirable 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1920 


GIFT 


LUBRICATING  OILS. 

1.  Lubricating  oils,    TJ.  S.   Navy. — Lubricating  oils,  set 
forth  in  the  annual  proposal  to  meet  the  requirements  of 
the  Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering,  are  divided  as  follows: 

(a)  Kefrigeration — ice  machine  oil. 

(6)   Force  feed  and  motor  cylinder  oils. 

(c)  Steam  engine  oils  for  wick  feed  and  cylinder. 

(d)  Electrical  oils  for  transformers  and  switches. 

2.  Navy  classification. — To  meet  the    requirements    of 
varied  types  of  machinery  throughout  the  naval  service, 
ashore  and  afloat,  these  main  divisions  of  lubricants  are 
subdivided   into   classifications,  according  to  viscosity  or 
adaptability : 

REFRIGERATION. 

(1)  Ice  machine  oil 65-75  Saybolt  ©  130°  F. 


FORCE  FEED  AND  MOTOR  CYLINDER  OILS. 


Force  feed, 
turbine 
and  recip- 
rocating. 


Saybolt  @  130°  F. 

(2)  Light 100-115 

(3)  Medium. 125-145 

(4)  Heavy 180-200 

(5)  Extra  heavy 240-260 

(6)  Ultra  heavy 300-320 

(7)  Aviation  oil,  summer 90-100  @  210°  F. 

(8)  Aviation  oil,  winter 75-85  ©  210°  F. 

STEAM  ENGINE  OILS. 

(9)  Marine  engine  compound 

above  65  @-210°  F.,  Wick  feed 

(10)  Marine  engine  straight  mineral Wick  feed. 

(11)  Steam  cylinder,  mineral . . .  .Piston  rods  and  cylinders. 

(12)  Steam  cylinder,  mineral,  superheat ...  Shore  stations. 

ELECTRICAL. 

(13)  Transformer  oil. 

(3) 


458703 


3.  Trade  name  as  a  specification. — There  are  no  specifi- 
cations for  these  various  grades  of  lubricating  oil.     The 
Bureau  prefers  to  rely  on  the  integrity  of  character  of  an 
oil  as  specified  by  the  manufacturer's  trade  name  which 
represents  an  approved  standard  of  lubricating  quality. 

4.  Test  at  Engineering  Experiment  Station. — In  order  to 
establish  the  merits  of  a  lubricating  oil  submitted  under 
any  one  .of  the  above  classifications,  the  Bureau  of  Steam 
Engineering  conducts  a  laboratory  test  at  the  Engineering 
Experiment  Station,  Annapolis,  Md.,   and  a  subsequent 
service  test  under  operating  conditions  afloat.     If  found 
acceptable  the  trade  name  and  the  name  of  the  manu- 
facturer  and    the   oil's   classification   are   placed   on   the 
Bureau's  acceptable  list,  and  remain  there  permanently  so 
long  as  the  quality  of  the  manufacture  is  kept  standard 
with  the  samples  submitted  for  test. 

5.  Acceptable  list. — Oils  under  specified  trade  name  have 
been  submitted  by  manufacturers  from  year  to  year  to 
meet    the    bureau's    requirements.     The    results    of    the 
Bureau's  laboratory  test  and  service  tests  afloat,  formulate 
the  Bureau's  acceptable  list  and  unacceptable  list  of  lubri- 
cating oils. 

6.  It  is  to  the  interest  of  the  oil  manufacturer  to  have 
on  the  Bureau's  acceptable  list  at  least  one  oil  covering 
each  of  the  classifications  enumerated.     The  Bureau  pre- 
fers to  have,  if  possible,  one  firm  to  handle  the  entire 
contract  for  one  or  both  coasts,  Atlantic  and  Pacific. 

7.  Manufacturer's   application  for  test. — The   company 
desiring  tests  of  lubricating  oil  must  make  written  appli- 
cation to  the  Navy  Department,  Bureau  of  Steam  Engineer- 
ing, Washington,  D.  C.,  and  state  the  trade  name  of  each 
oil  and  the  classification  under  which  it  is  offered. 

The  Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering  will  authorize  and 
direct  the  Engineering  Experiment  Station  to  make  the 
test  under  conditions  that  follow. 


8.  Cost  of  test.— 

(a)  All  expenses  of  tests  are  borne  by  the  com- 
pany. 

(6)  Cost  of  test  varies  with  the  labor  involved  and 
the  number  of  oils  tested,  the  expense  being 
reduced  where  an  oil  proves  unacceptable 
in  the  early  stages  of  the  test. 

(c)  In  general,  a  deposit  of  $50  is  required  for  a 
test  of  one  oil  and  $300  for  six  or  eight  oils. 

9.  Samples  for  test. — Samples  are  furnished  without  cost 
to  the  Government.     Usually  the  quantities  required  are: 

REFRIGERATION. 

Gallons. 

Ice  machine  oil 5 

FORCE  FEED  AND  MOTOR  CYLINDER  OIL. 

Light 10 

Medium 10 

Heavy 10 

Extra  heavy 5 

Ultra  heavy 5 

Aviation 20 

STEAM-ENGINE  OILS. 

Marine  engine  compounded 5 

Marine  engine  straight  mineral 5 

Steam  cylinder  mineral 1 

Steam  cylinder  mineral  superheat 1 

ELECTRICAL  OIL. 

Transformer  oil 1 

10.  Shipment  instructions. — Sample  quantities  of  oil  are 
to  be  shipped,  with  all  express  or  other  charges  prepaid,  to 
Supply  Officer,   Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md.,  plainly 
marked  "For  test  at  Engineering  Experiment  Station." 

11.  Payment  of  deposit. — Before  the  test  is  started,  a 
check  to  cover  the  cost  of  test,  payable  to  Superintendent, 

U.  S.  Naval  Academy ,  must  be  mailed  direct  to  that 
official  at  Annapolis,  Md.  Any  unexpended  balance  will  be 
returned  to  the  exhibitor. 


12.  Order  of  precedence. — Authorized  tests  are  given  a 
number  and  are  taken  up  in  regular  order. 

13.  Witnessing  a  test. — Representatives  of  the  company 
for  whom  tests  are  being  conducted  are  privileged  to  be 
present  and  witness  the  methods  of  testing  employed. 

14.  Confidential  nature  of  tests.- — All  tests  are  made  with 
the  strict  understanding  that  they  are  for  the  information 
of  the  Government  only,  and  that  the  results  are  not  to  be 
used  for  advertising  purposes. 

15.  Trade  name. — The  trade  name  of  an  oil  is  regarded 
by  the  Bureau  as  a  permanent  specification,  representing 
characteristics  and  qualifications  as  tested  and  supplied 
throughout.     Oils  which  are  subsequently  changed  with- 
out notification  to  the  Bureau  are  eliminated  from  further 
consideration. 

Manufacturers  are  urged  to  adopt  for  a  particular  oil  a 
trade  name  that  is  permanent,  and  which  has  some  indica- 
tion of  its  character  and  use,  for  example:  Eskimo  Ice 
Machine,  Cetus  200,  Monogram  Medium,  Galena  Heavy  500, 
Ocean  Marine  Engine,  and  600  W.  Cylinder. 

It  has  been  found  convenient  in  classifying  force  feed 
oils  to  have  companies  affix  to  the  name  of  an  oil  the 
Saybolt  viscosity  at  130°  Fahrenheit. 

16.  Test  at  Engineering  Experiment  Station. — In  so  far  as 
possible  all  tests  on  lubricating  oils  are  made  in  accordance 
with  standard  or  tentative  standard  tests  of  the  American 
Society  for  Testing  Materials.     A  complete  test  consists  of 
three  parts:  chemical,  physical,  and  practical. 

17.  CTiemical  analysis. — To  successfully  pass  the  chem- 
ical tests  all  oils  should  be  neutral  in  reaction  and  should 
not  show  the  presence  of  moisture,  matter  insoluble  in 
petroleum  ether  (hard  asphalt),  matter  insoluble  in  ether 
alcohol  (soft  asphalt),  sulphur,  charring  or  waxlike  con- 
stituents, napthenic  acids,  .sulphonated  oils,  soap,  resin, 


or  tarry  constituents,  the  presence  of  which  indicates 
adulteration  or  lack  of  proper  refining.  Except  in  oil  for 
engines  without  forced  lubrication,  no  traces  of  fixed  oils 
(animal  or  vegetable  fats)  should  be  found. 

18.  In  lubricating  oil  for  main  engines  without  forced 
lubrication,  approved  fixed  oils,  such  as  rapeseed,  olive, 
tallow,  lard,  and  neat's-foot  oil  may  be  used.     When  the 
above  fixed  oils  are  used,  they  will  be  well  refined  with 
alkalies,  unadulterated,  containing  a  minimum  of  free  fatty 
acids,  with  no  moisture  or  gumming  constituents.     Olive  oil 
should  not  have  a  high  specific  gravity.     If  satisfactory 
emulsifying  results  can  be  obtained  with  straight  mineral 
oils  on  engines  without  forced  lubrication  they  may  be 
submitted  for  service  test. 

19.  The  physical  tests  applied  to  each  oil  are  as  follows: 

(a)  Specific  gravity — pyknometer.     Baume  gravity. 

(b)  Flash  find  fire  point  (Cleveland  open  cup). 

The  flash  point  should  not  be  below  320°  F.,  open  cup; 
and  for  steam  cylinder  oil  not  below  490°  F.  Aviation 
oil  not  below  410°  F. 

(c)  Pour  test. — The  pour  test  should  not  be  above  32°  F. 
The  cold  test  of  cylinder  oils  may  exceed  32°  F.     For  ice- 
machine  oils  the  pour  test  should  be  as  low  as  possible, 
at  least  low  enough  for  the  operating  condition  of  minus  35° 
F.  in  a  dense-air  ice  machine.     For  aviation  oil,  summer, 
not  above  45°  F.;  winter,  not  above  15°  F. 

(d)  Viscosity. — The   Saybolt   Standard   Universal   Vis- 
cosimeter  is  used.     The  viscosity  of  the  oils  must  be  suffi- 
cient for  the  purpose  intended,  and,  except  for  ice-machine 
oils,  must  not  be  less  than  100  seconds,  at  130°  F.     Vis- 
cosity is  taken  at  100°,  130°,  and  210°  F. 

(e)  Carbon: — Ice-machine   oils   and  light  medium   and 
heavy  forced  feed  and  motor  cylinder  oils  must  not  show 
a  carbon  residue  of  over  0.5  per  cent,  the  extra  heavy  and 


8 

ultra  heavy  force  teed  and  motor  cylinder  oils  not  over 
1  per  cent,  and  aviation  motor  oils  not  over  1.5  per  cent; 
carbon  residue  to  be  determined  by  the  Conradson  method. 
The  carbon  shown  must  be  loose  and  flaky  and  must  break 
up  easily  in  the  crucible. 

(/)  Emulsion  tests. — Emulsion  tests  are  made  on  all 
straight  mineral  oils,  except  cylinder  oils.  Four  emulsion 
runs  are  made,  using  40  c.  c.  of  oil  in  each  case  and— 

(1)  40  c.  c.  of  distilled  water. 

(2)  40  c.  c.  of  1  per  cent  sodium  chloride  solution. 

(3)  40  c.  c.  of  normal  caustic  soda. 

(4)  40  c.  c.  of  boiling  distilled  water. 

The  mixture  is  stirred  with  a  paddle  for  five  minutes  at 
1,500  revolutions  per  minute,  the  mixture  being  kept  at  a 
temperature  of  130°  F.  during  the  stirring  and  while  settling 
out.  On  oils  used  with  forced  lubrication  or  on  ice  ma- 
chines the  oil  must  completely  settle  out  in  less  than  30 
minutes.  Aviation  motor  oils  when  stirred  as  above  with 
distilled  water  and  a  1  per  cent  sodium  chloride  solution  at 
180°  F.,  the  bath  being  maintained  at  180°  F.,  shall  settle 
out  completely  in  less  than  one  hour.  Compounded  marine 
engine  oils  when  stirred  as  above  with  distilled  water  and  a  1 
per  cent  sodium  chloride  solution  at  130°  F.;  the  bath  being 
maintained  at  130°  F.,  the  oils  should  remain  completely 
emulsified  for  at  least  one  hour;  the  emulsion  should  be  of 
a  heavy,  creamy  nature. 

(g)  Evaporation  test. — All'  lubricating  oils  are  tested  for 
evaporation.  Into  a  brass  cup  lf-|  inches  outside  diame- 
ter, If-f  inches  inside  diameter,  and  -^  inch  in  thickness,  are 
weighed  5  grams  of  oil,  which  is  then  heated  in  a  constant 
temperature  electric  oven,  the  temperature  being  taken  by 
a  thermometer  whose  bulb  is  just  over  the  cup.  Ice- 
machine  oils  should  not  give  an  evaporation  of  over  4  per 
cent.  All  other  oils  should  not  give  over  2.5  per  cent  of 
evaporation. 


20.  Practical  tests  are  of  three  different  kinds:  (a)  For 
force  feed  and  motor  c}Tlinder,  (i)  wick  feed  tests  of 
marine  engine  oils,  (c)  block  test  of  aviation  oils. 

(a)  For  force  feed  and  motor  cylinder  oils,   tests  are 
made  on  the  experiment  station  friction  machine  to  deter- 
mine  the  relative  friction   under   varying   conditions   of 
speed,  bearing  cap  pressures,  and  temperatures.     A  test 
journal  6  inches  long  by  3yi  inches  in  diameter  is  lubricated 
by  force  feed.     The  journal  is  revolved  at  a  speed  of  2,000 
revolutions  per  minute,  and  is  maintained  under  a  bearing 
pressure  of  150  pounds  per  square  inch.     During  the  test 
the  circulating  oil  is  not  cooled  but  is  allowed  to  attain 
any  temperature  which  it  may.     The  lubricating  oil  is 
fed  to  the  upper  on-side  of  the  bearing  at  a  pressure  of 
15  pounds  gauge  and  is  continuously  circulated  from  the 
oil  reservoir  to  the  test  journal  and  back  to  the  oil  reservoir. 
The  oil  is  tested  for  a  total  period  of  100  hours,  readings 
are  taken  hourly  of  the  temperatures  of  the  bearing  and 
circulating  oil  and  hourly  calculations  are  made  of  the 
coefficient  of  friction.     The  lubricating  oil  is  examined  after 
the  test  in  order  to  determine  its  condition  and  the  nature  of 
the  changes  which  take  place  in  the  oil  during  the  practical 
test.     Tests  of  ice-machine  oils  are  made  on  the   ^-ton 
Allen  dense  air  ice  machine  for  a  period  of  at  least   100 
hours. 

(b)  Wick  feed  tests  of  marine  engine  oils :  The  apparatus 
used  for  the  wick  feed  test  consists  of  a  brass  box  divided 
into  eight  compartments,  each  compartment  holding  about 
1  quart  of  the  oil  to  be  tested.     Each  compartment  is 
fitted  with  a  -i-inch  internal  diameter  brass  tube  which 
serves  as  an  oilway  and  feeds  into  a  graduated  glass  cylin- 
der, where  the  quantity  of  oil  fed  by  eight  strands  of 
worsted   zephyr  is  measured.     The  lift   of   the   wicks   is 
maintained  between  \  and  J  inch  and  is  uniform  for  all 

172346—20 2 


10 

the  oils  being  tested.  The  oils  are  maintained  at  the  same 
temperature  in  the  different  compartments,  generally 
from  90  to  100°  F.  The  oils  undergoing  test  are  compared 
in  their  wick-feeding  properties  with  oils  which  are  known 
to  be  satisfactory.  The  test  runs  continuously  for  14 
days,  and  at  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  day  the  rate  of 
flow  should  be  at  least  30  per  cent  of  the  rate  of  flow  at 
the  end  of  the  first  day. 

(c)  Practical  tests  of  oils  for  aircraft  engine  lubrication 
are  made  on  a  Liberty  aircraft  engine,  mounted  on  a  test 
stand  at  the  Engineering  Experiment  Station.  Upon  com- 
pletion of  the  test  as  above,  a  service  test  will  be  run  at 
a  designated  air  station  in  actual  flight. 

21.  Service  tests. — Ice-machine  oils,  all  force  feed  and 
motor  cylinder  oils,  including  aviation,  and  marine  engine 
oils  are,  after  the  Engineering  Experiment  Station  test, 
subjected  to  service  test  under  operating  conditions  afloat. 
The  oil  is  put  in  the  lubricating  system  of  a  vessel  and 
subjected  to  practical  test  for  not  less  than  10  days.  The 
bureau  does  not  restrict  itself  to  any  conditions  governing 
the  service  test,  but  for  purposes  of  illustration  the  follow- 
ing table  is  inserted  to  show  the  type  of  machinery  and 
quantities  of  oil  usually  required. 

Barrels. 

Ice  Machine  Oil Allen  Dense  Air  Ice  Machine  ...  1 

Force  Feed  and  Motor  Cylinder  Oils: 

Light Turbine  Reduction  Gear Destroyer.  . .  20 

Medium Turbine  Reduction  Gear Destroyer —  20 

Heavy Force  Feed  Reciprocating Battleship ...  30 

Extra  Heavy Heavy  Oil  Engine Submarine . .  10 

Ultra  Heavy Heavy  Gasoline  Motor Launch 4 

Aviation  Oil High  Speed  Gasoline  Motor . . .  Seaplane.  . .  4 

Steam  Engine  Oils: 

Marine  Engine  Compounded Wick  Feed  Reciprocating. .  4 

Marine  Engine  Straight  Mineral Wick  Feed  Reciprocating. .  4 

Steam  Cylinder No  service  test. 

Steam  Cylinder  Superheat No  service  test. 


11 

22.  Companies    expecting    service    tests    should    make 
inquiry  of  the  bureau  as  to  anticipated  quantities  required 
and  locate  stocks  on  the  coast  in  order  to  avoid  shipment 
delay  when  vessels  are  detailed  to  make  the  test.     Oil  for 
service  test  is  purchased  by  the  Bureau  at  a  price  the  same 
as  the  existing  contract  price  for  corresponding  oil  under 
the  annual  Navy  contract. 

23.  As  correspondence  and  arrangements  in  connection 
with  test,  the  actual  conducting,  of  test,  and  unforeseen 
contingencies  frequently  consume  many  months,  prospec- 
tive bidders  should  submit  their  oils  for  test  eight  months 
before  they  intend  to  bid  for  Government  contracts. 


TESTS  OF  GREASES  AND  SOLUBLE  CUTTING  OILS 
AT  NAVY  YARD,  NEW  YORK. 

24.  Other  lubricants   in  use  in    the  naval  service  are 
(a)  greases,  (6)  cutting  oils,  classified  as  follows: 

GREASES. 

(13)  Mineral  grease,  hard Spec.  14-G-lc,  Aug.  1,  1919 

(14)  Mineral  grease,  medium...  Spec.  14-G-lc,  Aug.  1,  1919 

(15)  Graphite  grease,  hard Spec.  14-G-2d,  Aug.  1,  1919 

(16)  Graphite  grease,  medium. Spec.  14-G-2d,  Aug.  1,  1919 

(17)  Petrolatum Spec.  14-P-la,  June  1,  1917 

(18)  Petroleum  residuum Spec.  51-P-8a,  July  1,  1919 

CUTTING  OILS. 

(19)  Soluble  cutting  oil Spec.  14-0-10b,  Nov.  1,  1918 

(20)  Cutting  compound  paste.  Spec.  14-C-3b,     Jan.  2,1917 

(21)  Mineral  lard  oil Spec.  14-O-9b,    Nov.  1,  1918 

(22)  Lard  oil Spec.  14-O-7a,     Oct.  1,  1917 

25.  Specifications. — Each  of  these  products  is  covered 
by  Navy  Department  specification,  number  of  which  is 
set  opposite  its  name. 

26.  Purchase. — This  class  of  products  is  not  made  the 
subject  of  annual  contract.     The  Bureau  purchases  various 
quantities  through  the  agency  of  navy  yards  and  shore 
stations,  by  means  of  local  contracts,  from  time  to  time  as 
required  by  the  individual  navy  yards  and  stations. 

27.  Tests   for    acceptability. — Products    submitted    by 
contractor  to  cover  any  of  the  above  lubricants  are  sub- 
ject to  test  at  the  testing  laboratory,  Navy  Yard,  New 
York,    to    determine    conformance    to    specification.     A 
product  must  be  offered  under  a  trade  name  by  which  it 
will  be  accurately  identified.     If  found  acceptable  under 
Bureau's  test  at  New  York,  its  name  and  the  name  of  the 

(12) 


13 

manufacturer  is  placed  on  the  Bureau's  acceptable  list; 
the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts  is  notified,  and  the 
information  published  to  the  service  at  large  for  future 
reference  in  making  purchases. 

28.  Tests  when  contract  is  awarded. — The  Bureau  does 
not,  however,  rely  entirely  on  the  list  of  acceptable  trade 
names  for  this  class  of  material.     The  unstable  nature  of 
their  chemical  composition  makes  it  necessary  for  the 
bureau  to  conduct  a  supplementary  test  of  these  products 
as    finally    delivered    under    contract.     Samples    of    the 
material  a  contractor  proposes  to  furnish  may  also  be 
required  before   contract  is   awarded.     It  is,    therefore, 
highly  essential  that  a  contractor  maintain  the  quality 
of  a  product  up  to  the  standard  of  the  original  sample  which 
placed  him  on  the  acceptable  list. 

29.  Application  for  test. — Tests  of  greases  and  cutting 
oils  will  be  authorized  by  the  bureau  upon  written  applica- 
tion to  the  Navy  Department,  Bureau  of  Steam  Engineer- 
ing, Washington,  D.  C.     After  such  authorization  has  been 
made,  the  Bureau  will  notify  the  Navy  Yard,  New  York, 
to  communicate  with  the  manufacturer  as  regards  quanti- 
ties of  samples  to  be  shipped. 

30.  Samples. — All  samples  are  furnished,  express  pre- 
paid, free  of  all  cost  to  the  Government.     They  should 
be  addressed  to  "  Supply  Officer,  Navy  Yard,  New  York," 
and  plainly  marked  "For  Test  at  the  Machinery  Division 
Testing  Laboratory." 

31.  Trad.e  names. — The  manufacturer's  trade  name  of 
his  product  is  regarded  by  the  bureau  as  a  permanent 
identification  of  a  special  lubricant  having  certain  definite 
characteristics  and  qualities  as  established  by  the  Bureau 
test.     Inconsistency  of  character  of  a  product  as  shown  by 
a  sample  for  test  and  the  material  subsequently  furnished 
under  the  same  trade  name  is  considered  sufficient  grounds 
for  rejection. 


14 

MINERAL  LUBRICATING  GREASE. 

(Standard  Stock  Catalogue  designation:  Grease,  lubricating,  mineral.) 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT  SPECIFICATIONS  14Glc,  Aug.  1,  1919;  superseding    14Glb, 

Nov.  1,  1916. 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  General    Specifications    for    Inspection    of   Material 
issued  by  the  Navy  Department,  in  effect  at  date  of  open- 
ing of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 

GRADES. 

2.  Mineral  lubricating  grease  shall  be  furnished  in  the 
following  grades,  as  specified: 

(a)  Hard. 

(b)  Medium. 

FLOW  POINT. 

3.  (a)  Medium  lubricating  grease  shall  have  a  flow  point 
not  lower  than  75°  C.,  nor  higher  than  80°  C. 

(b)  Hard  lubricating  grease  shall  have  a  flow  point  not 
lower  than  100°  C.,  nor  higher  than  105°  C. 

(c)  The  flow  point  shall  be  determined  as  follows :  Spread 
about   10  grams  of    grease  over   the  botton  of    a  glass 
crystallizing  dish,  2|  inches  diameter  and  about  1£  inches 
high ;  place  dish  on  shelf  in  air  oven  so  that  a  thermometer 
inserted  in  the  top  of  the  oven  will  be  just  above  and  over 
the  grease  in  the  dish.     The  temperature  of  the  oven, 
starting  at  about  40°  C.,  shall  be  raised  at  a  rate  of  2°  C. 
per  minute  and  the  flow  tested  at  the  end  of  each  minute. 
The  temperature  at  which  the  grease  moves  across  the 
bottom  when  the  dish  is  inclined  shall  be  taken  as  the  flow 

point. 

COMPOSITION. 

4.  (a)  Mineral  lubricating  grease  shall  be  a  homogeneous 
mixture,  consisting  of  a  pure  mineral  oil  and  a  pure  odorless 
lime  soap  made  from  pure  animal  fats  or  prime  yellow 
cottonseed   oil   properly  saponified   with   calcium   oxide. 


15 

The  mineral  oil  content  shall  not  be  more  than  80  per  cent 
for  medium  grease  and  not  more  than  70  per  cent  for  hard 
grease. 

(6)  Mineral  lubricating  grease,  both  medium  and  hard, 
shall  be  free  from  fillers,  unsaponified  fats  or  oils,  uncom- 
bined  lime,  gritty  substance,  rosin  oil,  resin  or  resinates, 
mineral  or  fatty  acids,  tarry  or  asphaltic  matter,  and  alkalies 
or  other  undesirable  or  deleterious  impurities. 

(c)  Medium  mineral  lubricating  grease  shall  yield  not 
more  than  2.5  per  cent  of  ash  and  hard  mineral  grease  not 
more  than  3.5  per  cent  of  ash. 

(d)  Mineral  lubricating  grease,  both  medium  and  hard, 
shall  not  lose  more  than  2  per  cent  of  its  weight  when  heated 
for  one  hour  at  100°  C.  in  a  glass  crystallizing  dish  in  an  air 

oven. 

LUBRICATING  PROPERTIES. 

5.  The  grease  shall  possess  lubricating  properties,  de- 
termined by  practical   test  in   a  Riehle  bearing  testing 
machine  as  follows: 

When  fed  at  a  rate  not  exceeding  2  grains  (or  130  milli- 
grams) per  minute,  through  a  grease  cup  on  the  friction 
surface  of  a  brass  shoe  having  9  square  inches  bearing 
surface,  sustaining  a  load  of  1,926  pounds  against  a  steel 
journal  6  inches  in  diameter,  revolving  at  a  surface  velocity 
of  405  feet  per  minute,  it  shall  maintain  an  even  tempera- 
ture of  not  more  than  50°  C.  above  the  surrounding  air 
(which  shall  be  approximately  25°  C.),  and  the  coefficient 
of  friction  shall  be  constant  during  the  last  hour  of  the  run 
and  shall  not  exceed  0.03  for  medium  and  0.04  for  hard 
grease.  The  run  shall  be  continued  until  a  constant 
temperature  rise  has  been  attained  and  maintained  for  one 
hour. 

TESTS. 

6.  Samples  from   each  shipment  shall  be  selected   at 
random  by  the  inspector  and  forwarded  to  the  New  York 
Navy  Yard  for  tests  and  analysis. 


16 

PACKING. 

7.  Mineral  lubricating  grease  shall  be  delivered  in  fric- 
tion top  cans  of  10  pounds  capacity,  properly  labeled  with 
name  and  grade  of  material,  manufacturers'  name,  and 
net  contents  of  can.     Not  more  than  100  pounds  shall  be 
packed  in  one  box.     Boxes  shall  be  strongly  constructed 
of  J  inch  new  pine  or  spruce  planed  on  both  sides  and 
property  marked  with  the  name  and  grade  of  the  material, 
quantity,  contractors'  name,  and  number  of  contract  or 
requisition  under  which  delivery  is  made. 

NOTE  TO  SUPPLY  OFFICERS  AND  OTHERS. 

8.  Mineral  lubricating  grease  is  intended  for  use  in  com- 
pression   grease    cups    for   bearings.     For    rapid-running 
machines  in  cool  climates,  medium  grease  should  be  ordered. 
For  hot  climates,  or  heavy-running  machinery,  hard  grease 
should  in  general  be  ordered. 

Specifications,  where  obtainable. — NOTE:  Copies  of  the  above  specifica- 
tions may  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

References.— -S.  E.,  421281-683-S,  May  28,  1919;  S.  &  A.,  380-329. 

PETROLATUM. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT  SPECIFICATIONS  14Pla,  June  1,  1917;  superseding  14P1, 

June  15, 1910. 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  General    Specifications   for   Inspection    of   Material, 
issued  by  the  Navy  Department,  in  effect  at  date  of  open- 
ing of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 

QUALITY. 

2.  Petrolatum  shall  be  of  good  quality,  clean  and  refined, 
and  free  from  acidity  or  adulteration.     White  petrolatum 
will  not  be  accepted. 


17 

PHYSICAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

3.  Petrolatum  shall  possess  a  melting  point  not  lower 
than  80°  F.  nor  higher  than  120°  F.     The  flash  point  shall 
be  not  lower  than  350°  F.  when  tested  in  an  open  cup  by 
Tagliabue's  method.     Loss  on  heating  for  one  hour  be- 
tween 105°  C.  and  110°  C.  shall  not  exceed  2  per  cent. 

PACKING  AND  SHIPPING. 

4.  Unless    otherwise    specified,    the   material   shall   be 
delivered  in  friction-top  cans  of  1,  5,  or  10  pounds  capacity, 
as  required.     Cans  of  5  pounds  capacity  and  over  must  be 
provided  with  a  suitable  bail.     The  cans  shall  be  packed  in 
.new  pine  or  spruce  boxes,  planed  on  the  outside.     Boxes 
to  be  of  %-inch  material,  and  each  box  to  contain  100 

pounds. 

MARKING. 

5.  Each  can  shall  be  marked  with  the  word   "Petro- 
latum," the  net  weight  of  the  contents,  and  the  name  of 
the  contractor.     On  one  end  of  the  box  shall  be  stenciled 
the  word  "Petrolatum,"  the  net  weight  of  the  contents, 
the  stock  number  as  shown  by  the  contract,  the  name  of 
the  contractor,  and  the  contract  or  requisition  number  on 
which  the  material  was  purchased. 

BASIS  OF  PAYMENT. 

6.  Payment  will  be  based  on  net  weight,  and  only  the 
amounts  specified  on  the  contracts  should  be  delivered. 

Specifications,  ivhere  obtainable. — NOTE:  Copies  of  the  above  specifi- 
cations can  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

References.— Ind.  Mgr.  Norfolk,  Apr.  5,  1917,  No.  51404-1;  Ind.  Mgr. 
New  York,  Apr.  14,  1917,  No.  1-822-2;  C.  &  R.,  Z14Pla-M,  Apr.  17, 
1917;  S.  &  A.,  380-606. 


18 
PETROLEUM  RESIDUUM. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT    SPECIFICATIONS   51P8a,  July  1,  1919;  superseding  51P8, 

Mar.  1,  1917. 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  General    Specifications   for   Inspection    of   Material, 
issued  by  the  Navy  Department,  in  effect  at  date  of  open- 
ing of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 

MATERIAL. 

2.  The  material  desired  is  a  black  waxlike  residue  of 
pure  bitumen  resulting  from  the  distillation  of  an  asphaltic 
base  petroleum. 

PHYSICAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

3.  Petroleum  residuum  shall  have  the  following  proper- 
ties: 

(a)  The  specific  gravity  at   15.5°  C.   (60°  F.)   shall  be 
between  1.002  and  1.02. 

(b)  The  melting  point  (Barrett  method)  shall  be  between 
93*3°  and  96.1°  C.  (200°  and  205°  F.). 

(c)  Not  less  than  74  per  cent   shall  be  soluble  in  88° 
naphtha  (petroleum  ether). 

(d)  Upon  ignition  the  ash  (exclusive  of  traces  of  sand  or 
dirt  present  in  the  original  crude  oil)  shall  not  exceed  0.2 

per  cent. 

CONTAINERS. 

4.  Petroleum  residuum  shall  be  delivered  in  substantial 
wooden  barrels  or  kegs,  or  in  suitable  sheet-iron  drums, 
containing  about  300  or  500  pounds  net  weight  as  specified. 

DELIVERIES. 

5.  Barrels,  kegs,  or  drums  shall  be  plainly  marked  with 
the  name  of  the  material,  the  quantity,  the  name  of  the 
contractor,  and  the  contract  or  requisition  number  under 
which  delivery  is  made. 

Specifications,  where  obtainable. — NOTE:  Copies  of  the  above  specifi- 
cations may  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

References.— C,  &  R.,  Z51P8(S),  May  15,  1919;  S.  &  A.,  380-1338. 


19 
GRAPHITE  LUBRICATING  GREASE. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT  SPECIFICATIONS  14G2d,  Aug.  1,  1919;  superseding 
14G2c,  July  2, 1917. 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  General   Specifications   for   Inspection    of   Material, 
issued  by  the  Navy  Department  in  effect  at  date  of  open- 
ing of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 

GRADES. 

2.  Graphite  lubricating  grease  shall  be  furnished  in  the 
following  grades,  as  specified : 

(a)  Hard. 
(&)  Medium. 

FLOW  POINT. 

3.  (a)  Medium  graphite  grease  shall  have  a  flow  point 
not  lower  than  75°  C.,  nor  higher  than  80°  C. 

(6)  Hard  graphite  grease  shall  have  a  flow  point  not 
lower  than'1000  C.,  nor  higher  than  105°  C. 

(c)  The  flow  point  shall  be  determined  as  follows: 
Spread  about  10  grams  of  grease  over  the  bottom  of  a 
glass  crystalizing  dish,  2J  inches  in  diameter  and  about 
1£  inches  high.  Place  dish  on  shelf  in  an  air  oven  so  that 
a  thermometer  inserted  in  the  top  of  the  oven  will  be  just 
above  and  over  the  grease  in  the  dish.  The  temperature 
of  the  oven,  starting  at  about  40°  C.,  shall  be  raised  at  the 
rate  of  2°  C.  per  minute,  and  the  flow  tested  at  the  end  of 
each  minute.  The  temperature  at  which  the  grease  moves 
across  the  bottom  when  the  dish  is  inclined  shall  be  taken 

as  the  flow  point. 

COMPOSITION. 

4.  (a)  Graphite  lubricating  grease  shall  be  a  homoge- 
neous mixture,   consisting   of   a  pure    mineral   oil,   flake 
graphite   containing   at   least   82    per   cent   of   graphitic 
carbon,  and  a  pure  odorless  soap  made  from  clean  animal 
fats  or  prime  yellow  cottonseed  oil   properly  saponified 


20 

with  calcium  oxide.  The  mineral  oil  content  shall  be  not 
more  than  80  per  cent  for  medium  grade  and  not  more 
than  70  per  cent  for  hard  grade.  The  graphite  content 
shall  not  be  less  than  2  nor  more  than  3  per  cent  for  each 
grade. 

(6)  Graphite  lubricating  grease,  both  medium  and  hard, 
shall  be  free  from  fillers,  unsaponified  fats  or  oils,  uncom- 
bined  lime,  gritty  substance,  resin  oil,  resin  or  resinates, 
mineral  or  fatty  acids,  tarry  or  asphaltic  matter,  and 
alkalies  or  other  undesirable  or  deleterious  impurities. 

(c)  Medium  graphite  grease  shall  yield  not  more  than  3 
per  cent  of  ash  and  hard  graphite  grease  not  more  than  4 
per  cent  of  ash. 

(d)  Graphite  grease,  both  medium  and  hard,  shall  not 
lose  more  than  2  per  cent  of  its  weight  when  heated  for 
one  hour  at  110°  C.  in  a  glass  crystalizing  dish  in  an  air 

oven. 

LUBRICATING  PROPERTIES. 

5.  The  grease  shall  possess  lubricating  properties  deter- 
mined by  practical  test  in  a  Riehle  bearing-testing  ma- 
chine, as  follows: 

When  fed  at  a  rate  not  exceeding  2  grains  (or  130 
milligrams)  per  minute,  through  a  grease  cup,  on  the 
friction  surface  of  a  brass  shoe  having  9  square  inches 
bearing  surface,  sustaining  a  load  of  1,926  pounds  against 
a  steel  journal  6  inches  in  diameter,  revolving  at  a  surface 
velocity  of  405  feet  per  minute,  it  shall  maintain  an  even 
temperature  of  not  more  than  50°  C.  above  the  surround- 
ing air  (which  shall  be  approximately  25°  C.),  and  the 
coefficient  of  friction  shall  be  constant  during  the  last 
hour  of  the  run  and  shall  not  exceed  0.03  for  medium  and 
0.04  for  hard  grease.  The  run  shall  be  continued  until  a 
constant  temperature  has  been  attained  and  maintained 
for  one  hour. 


21 

TESTS. 

6.  Samples  from   each  shipment  shall  be  selected   at 
random  by  the  inspector  and  forwarded  to  the  New  York 
Navy  Yard  for  tests  and  analysis. 

PACKING. 

7.  Graphite   lubricating   grease   shall   be    delivered   in 
friction-top  cans  of  10  pounds  capacity,  properly  labeled 
with  name  and  grade  of  material,  manufacturer's  name, 
and  net  contents  of  can.     Not  more  than  100  pounds  shall 
be  packed  in  one  box.     Boxes  shall  be  strongly  constructed 
of  J  inch  new  pine  or  spruce,  planed  on  both  sides,  and 
properly    marked    with    name    and    grade    of    material, 
quantity,  contractor's  name,  and  number  of  contract  or 
requisition  under  which  delivery  is  made. 

NOTE  TO  SUPPLY  OFFICER  AND  OTHERS. 

8.  Graphite  lubricating  grease  under  these  specifications 
is  intended  for  use  on  gearing  of  heavy  machinery  and 
bearings  exposed  to  weather  and  heat. 

GRADES. 

9.  Graphite   lubricating    grease    shall    be   specified    as 
hard  or  medium  grease;  hard  grease  shall  be  used  only 
where  high  operating  temperatures  are  found  to  exist. 

Specifications,  where  obtainable. — NOTE:  Copies  of  the  above  specifica- 
tions may  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

References.— $.  E.,  421280-683-S,  May  28,  1919;  S.  &  A.,  380-328. 


22 
SOLUBLE  CUTTING  OILS  OR  CUTTING  COMPOUNDS. 

(Liquid  form.) 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT  SPECIFICATIONS  HOlOb,  Nov.  1, 1918;  superseding 
HOlOa,  Mar.  1, 1916. 

GENERAL  *  SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  General  Specifications  for  Inspection  of  Material,  is- 
sued by  the  Navy  Department,  in  effect  at  date  of  opening 
of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 

PURPOSE. 

2.  Soluble  cutting  oils  or  cutting  compounds  shall  be 
used  in  emulsion  with  water  for  the  lubrication  of  machine 
cutting  tools. 

MATERIAL:  COMPOSITION. 

3.  Soluble  cutting  oils  or  cutting  compounds  shall  be 
clean  and  homogeneous  mixtures  of  soluble  alkali  soap  in 
mineral  and  fixed  saponifiable  oils;  shall  be  free  from  dis- 
agreeable odors,  sediment,  mineral  acids,  or  ingredients  in- 
jurious to  persons  handling:  and  shall  contain  not  more 
than  10  per  cent  of  water  and  not  more  than  20  per  cent  of 

alkali  soap. 

REQUIREMENTS:  TEST. 

4.  Soluble  cutting  oil  or  cutting  compound  shall  meet  the 
following  requirements: 

(a)  Emulsificaiion. — It  shall  be  capable  of  readily  mix- 
ing with  water  in  all  proportions,  without  the  addition  of 
sodium  carbonate  or  any  other  material,  to  form  a  stable 
emulsion. 

(b)  Lubrication. — The  emulsion  formed  shall  so  lubricate 
turret  and  automatic  machine  tools  as  to  prevent  sticking. 
The  solution  used  shall  be  suitable  for  the  work  being  per- 
formed on  the  machine,  and  shall  show  no  tendency  to 
leave  a  gummy  residue. 


23 

(c)  Corrosion. — Strips  of  polished  steel  or  brass  shall 
show  no  appreciable  corrosion  after  being  partly  immersed 
in  the  emulsion  for  a  period  of  two  weeks. 


INSPECTION  AND  TEST. 


5.  Samples  taken  at  random  from  each  delivery  will  be 
mixed  together  for  inspection  and  test. 

PURCHASE. 

6.  Soluble   cutting  oils  or  cutting  compounds  will  be 
purchased  by  the  gallon. 

CONTAINERS:  MARKING. 

7.  Soluble  cutting  oils  or  cutting  compounds  shall  be 
delivered  as  required : 

(a)  In  heavy  barrels  of  about  50  gallons  capacity,  suita- 
ble for  foreign  shipment ;  or, 

(&)  In  5-gallon  shipping  cans. 

Barrels  shall  remain  the  property  of  the  contractor.  All 
barrels  in  good  condition  will  be  returned  by  the  Govern- 
ment at  the  contractor's  expense  within  six  months  after 
date  of  each  delivery  of  oil  to  shore  stations.  All  barrels 
not  returned  within  this  period  will  be  paid  for  at  the  rate 
of  $1  per  barrel,  chargeable  to  the  appropriation  under 
which  the  material  was  purchased  or  used.  In  all  cases  the 
quality  of  the  containers  shall  be  such  as  to  provide  against 
leakage  or  deterioration  in  storage  and  handling.  Con- 
tainers shall  be  plainly  marked  with  the  name  of  the  mate- 
rial, the  manufacturer's  trade-mark,  and  the  quantity  con- 
tained, in  gallons. 

DELIVERIES. 

8.  All  deliveries  shall  be  marked  with  the  name  of  the 
material,  name  of  the  contractor,  and  the  contract  or  requi- 
sition number  under  which  delivery  is  made. 


24 

ACCEPTABLE  LIST  OF  OILS. 

9.  Contractors  who  propose  to  furnish  soluble  cutting 
oils  or  cutting  compounds  under  these  specifications  may 
have  a  5-gallon  sample  tested  at  navy  yard,  New  York,  and 
if  the  test  proves  satisfactory  these  oils  will  be  placed  on 
an  acceptable  list.    The  contractor  shall  be  required  to  sub- 
mit a  1-gallon  sample  of  the  oil  to  be  supplied  with  each 
new  bid  and  state  the  approximate  date  of  test.    The  fact 
that  the  oil  has  been  placed  on  the  approved  list,  and  that 
the  tests  on  the  1-gallon  sample  submitted  with  bids  are 
satisfactory,  does  not  in  any  way  preclude  the  rejection  of 
the  delivery  in  case  it  fails  to  pass  the  tests  and  inspection 
as  specified  in  paragraphs  4  and  5. 

NOTE  TO  SUPPLY  OFFICERS. 

10.  Mineral  lard  oil  and  cutting  compounds  (paste  form) 
will  not  be  considered  in  connection  with  bids  for  soluble 
cutting  oils,  but  will  be  bought  under  separate  specifica- 
tions. 

Specifications,  where  obtainable. — NOTE.  Copies  of  the  above  specifica- 
tions may  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

References.— S.  E.  329327-692-S-R,  Aug.  22, 1918;  C.  and  R.,  Z14010-(S), 
Sept.  17,  1918;  S.  and  A.,  380-1171. 

CUTTING  COMPOUND,  PASTE. 

(Standard  Stock  Catalogue  designation:  Compound,   Cutting,  Paste.) 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT  SPECIFICATIONS  14C3b,  Jan.  2,  1917;  superseding 
14C3a,  Feb.  1, 1916. 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  General  Specifications  for  the  Inspection  of  Material, 
issued  by  the  Navy  Department,  in  effect  at  date  of  opening 
of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 

PURPOSE. 

2.  To  be  used  for  machine  cutting  tool  lubricant  when 
mixed  as  directed. 


25 

COMPOSITION. 

3.  To  be  a  soluble  paste  compound  consisting  of  an  alkali 
soap,  mineral  and  fixed  saponifiable  oils  and  water.     To  be 
free  from  disagreeable  odors,  mineral  acids,  or  any  in- 
gredients injurious  to  persons  handling  the  material. 

To  contain  not  more  than  25  per  cent  of  water,  not  more 
than  20  per  cent  of  alkali  soap,  not  less  than  40  per  cent 
mineral  oil,  ar  7  the  remainder  fixed  saponifiable  oil.  It 
must  form  a  sta..  ^  emulsion  when  mixed  with  water. 

LUBRICATION. 

4.  The  emulsion  must  sufficiently  lubricate  turret  and 
automatic  machines  to  prevent  sticking,  the  solution  used 
to  be  suitable  for  work  being  performed  on  the  machine, 
and  must  show  no  tendency  to  leave  a  gummy  residue. 

CORROSION. 

5.  Strips  of  polished  steel  are  to  show  no  appreciable 
corrosion  after  being  partly  immersed  in  mixture  for  a 

period  of  two  weeks. 

PHYSICAL  TEST. 

6.  One  pound  of  the  paste  will  be  put  into  emulsification 
with  3  gallons  of  water  and  the  emulsion  permitted  to 
flow  at  the  rate  of  1  gallon  per  minute  over  a  steel  cylinder 
heated  by  an  electrical  coil  consuming  440  watts  which 
maintains  a  constant  temperature  of  100°  C.  in  air.     After 
a  period  of  8  hours,  the  maximum  rise  of  temperature  of  the 
emulsion  shall  not  exceed  12°  C.     This  physical  test  will  be 
conducted  at  the  New  York  Navy  Yard  on  samples  before 
approval  on  the  standard  apparatus  shown  in  drawing 
No.  36367-A,  which  may  be  obtained  from  the  Engineer 
Officer  at  the  navy  yard,  New  York. 

DELIVERY. 

7.  To  be  purchased  by  the  pound  and  delivered  in  heavy 
barrels  of  not  more  than  500  pounds  capacity,  suitable  for 


foreign  shipment,  or  in  25-pound  friction-top  cans  packed 
in  wood  cases,  two  to  a  case.  The  quality  of  the  containers 
to  be  such  as  to  provide  against  leakage  or  deterioration  in 
storage  and  in  handling. 

The  barrels  to  be  plainly  marked  with  trade-mark  of 
material,  name  of  manufacturer,  contract  number,  quan- 
tity, and  instruction  for  use  of  compound. 

Prices  are  net  on  compound  delivered  in  barrels.  Barrels 
to  remain  the  property  of  the  contractor. 

All  barrels  in  good  condition  will  be  returned  by  the  Gov- 
ernment at  the  contractor's  expense  within  six  months 
after  date  of  each  delivery  of  the  compound  to  shore  sta- 
tions. All  barrels  not  returned  within  this  period  will  be 
J>aid  for  at  the  rate  of  $1  per  barrel,  chargeable  to  the 
appropriation  under  which  the  material  was  purchased  or 
used. 

ACCEPTABLE  LIST  OF  CUTTING  COMPOUND  (PASTE). 

8.  Contractors  who  propose  to  furnish  cutting  compound 
(paste)   under  these  specifications  may  have   a  5-pound 
sample  tested  at  navy  yard,  New  York,  and  if  the  test 
proves  satisfactory  this  cutting  compound  (paste)  will  be 
placed  on  an  acceptable  list.     The  contractor  will  be  re- 
quired to  submit  a  5-pound  sample  of  cutting  compound 
(paste)  to  be  supplied  with  each  new  bid,  and  state  the  ap- 
proximate date  of  test. 

RESTRICTIONS. 

9.  Mineral  lard  oil,  and  soluble  cutting  oils  will  not  be 
considered  in  connection  with  bids  for  cutting  compounds 
(paste  form),  but  will  be  bought  under  separate  specifica- 
tions. 

Specifications,  where  obtainable. — NOTE.  Copies  of  the  above  speci- 
fications can  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

X<ferenccs.—S.  E.  205082-692-S,  Nov.  10,  1916;  S.  &  A.,  380-208. 


27 
MINERAL  LARD  OIL. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT  SPECIFICATIONS  HO9b,  Nov.  1,  1918;  superseding 
14O9a,  Feb.  1, 1916. 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  General   Specifications    for   Inspection    of    Material, 
issued  by  the  Navy  Department,  in  effect  at  date  of  open- 
ing of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 

PURPOSE. 

2.  Mineral  lard  oil  shall  be  used  for  machine  cutting 
tool  lubricant,  either  unadulterated  or  compounded  with 
mineral  oil  or  soda  and  water. 

MATERIAL. 

3.  Mineral  lard  oil  shall  be  clean  and  homogeneous,  free 
from  disagreeable  odors,  rancidity,  sediment,  or  ingredients 
injurious  to  persons  handling  the  material,  and  shall  be 
easily  soluble  and  retain  its  oily  consistency  in  kerosene 
or  soda  and  cold-water  mixtures. 

CHEMICAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

4.  Mineral  lard  oil  shall  contain: 

(a)  Not  less  than  25  per  cent  and  not  more  than 
35  per  cent  of  .fixed  saponifiable  oils. 

(b)  Not  less  than  60  per  cent  and  not  more  than 
70  per  cent  of  mineral  oil. 

(c)  Not  more  than  5  per  cent  of  free  fatty  acid 
(calculated  as  oleic  acid). 

PHYSICAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

5.  Mineral  lard  oil  shall  have  the  following  properties: 

(a)  The  specific  gravity  at  15°  C.  shall  be  about 

0.90. 
(6)  The  flash  point  (open  tester)  shall  be  not  less 

than   180°  C. 
(c)  The  viscosity  shall  be  about  185  at  38°  C. 

and  115  at  48°  C.  when  measured  in  a  Saybolt 

viscosimeter   which   has    a   water   rate   of   30 

seconds  at  15°  C. 


28 

TESTS. 

6.  Mineral  lard  oil  shall  pass  the  following  tests: 

(a)  Gumming. — A  saucer,  containing  enough  of 
the  test  oil  to  cover  the  bottom,  shall  be  kept 
for  a  period  of  eight  hours  in  an  oven  at  a  con- 
stant temperature  of  120°  C.     There  shall  be 
no  sign  of  a  gummy  residue  after  removing  the 
saucer  and  permitting  it  to  cool  gradually. 

(b)  Corrosion. — Strips  of  polished  steel  shall  show 
no  appreciable  corrosion  in  two  weeks'   time 
when  partly  immersed  in  samples  of  the  oil, 
or  in  a  mixture  of  the  oil  and  kerosene,  or  in 
an  emulsion  of  the  oil,  soda,  and  water. 

INSPECTION  AND  TEST. 

7.  Samples  taken  at  random  from  each  delivery  will  be 
mixed  together  for  inspection  and  test. 

PURCHASE. 

8.  Mineral  lard  oil  will  be  purchased  by  the  gallon. 

CONTAINERS:  MARKING. 

9.  Mineral  lard  oil  shall  be  delivered,  as  required: 

(a)  In  heavy  barrels  of  about  50  gallons  capacity, 
suitable  for  foreign  shipment,  or 

(5)  In  5-gallon  shipping  cans.  Barrels  shall  re- 
main the  property  of  the  contractor.  All  bar- 
rels in  good  condition  will  be  returned  by  the 
Government  at  the  contractor's  expense  within 
six  months  after  date  of  each  delivery  of  oil 
to  shore  stations.  All  barrels  not  returned 
within  this  period  will  be  paid  for  at  the  rate 
of  $1  per  barrel,  chargeable  to  the  appropria- 
tion under  which  the  material  was  purchased 
or  used.  In  all  cases  the  qualit}^  of  the  con- 


29 

tainers  shall  be  such  as  to  provide  against 
leakage  or  deterioration  in  storage  and  handling. 
Containers  shall  be  plainly  marked  with  .the 
name  of  the  material,  the  manufacturer's  trade- 
mark, and  the  quantity  contained  in  gallons. 

DELIVERIES. 

10.  All  deliveries  shall  be  marked  with  the  name  of  the 
material,  name   of   the   contractor,  and   the   contract   or 
requisition  number  under  which  delivery  is  made. 

ACCEPTABLE  LIST  OF  OILS. 

11.  Contractors  who   propose   to  furnish  mineral  lard 
oil  under  these  specifications  may  have  a  5-gallon  sample 
tested  at  navy  yard,  New  York,  and  if  the  test  proves 
satisfactory  these  oils  will  be  placed  on  an  acceptable  list. 
The   contractor  shall   be  required   to   submit   a   1-gallon 
sample  of  the  oil  to  be  supplied  with  each  new  bid  and 
state  the  approximate  date  of  test.     The  fact  that  an  oil 
has  been  placed  on  the  approved  list,  and  that  the  tests 
on  the  1-gallon  sample  submitted  with  bids  are  satisf ac- 
tory,  does  not  in  any  way  preclude  the  rejection  of  the 
delivery  in  case  it  fails  to  pass  the  tests  and  inspection  as 
specified  in  paragraphs  6  and  7. 

NOTE  TO  SUPPLY  OFFICERS. 

Cutting  compounds  (paste  form)  and  soluble  cutting 
oils  will  not  be  considered  in  connection  with  bids  for  min- 
eral lard  oil,  but  will  be  bought  under  separate  specifica- 
tions. 

Spenfications,  where  obtainable. — NOTE  :  Copies  of  the  above  specifica- 
tions may  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Reference*—  S. E., 336595-692-S-R,  Aug. 22, 1918;  C. and K.,  Z1409-(S), 
Sept.  16,  1918;  S.  and  A.,  380-208. 


30 

LARD  OIL. 

(For  pipe  cutting  and  threading  purposes.) 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT   SPECIFICATIONS  14O7a,  Oct.  1,  1915;  superseding  14O7, 

Mar.  1, 1911. 

GENERAL  INSTRUCTIONS. 

1.  General  Specifications  for  the  Inspection  of  Material, 
issued  by  the  Navy  Department,  in  effect  at  date  of  open- 
ing of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 

COMPOSITION. 

2.  Shall  be  a  clear,  light  yellow  lard  oil  of  good  quality, 
free  from  rancidity  or  adulteration.     It  shall  not  contain 
more  free  fatty  acid  than  5  per  cent  of  oleic  acid. 

TESTS. 

3.  The  specific  gravity  at  15°  C.  shall  be  not  lower  than 
90  per  cent  or  higher  than  92  per  cent.     It  shall  flow  at  8° 
C.  or  below.     Its  viscosity  at  38°  C.  shall  not  exceed  220 
seconds  in  a  Saybolt  viscosimeter  having  a  water  rate  of 

30  seconds  at  15°  C. 

DELIVERIES.' 

4.  Deliveries  shall  be  made  in  50-gallon  well-coopered 
casks. 

Specifications,  where  obtainable. — NOTE:  Copies  of  the  above  specifica- 
tions can  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

References—  Eng.  Offr.,  New  York,  1529/175-4,  Aug.  3,  1915;  Ind. 
Mgr.,  New  York,  1-880-2,  Aug.  3,  1915;  C.  &  B.,  Z1407(M),  Aug.  10, 
1915;  S.  E.,  163052-692-S,  Aug.  11,  1915;  Ord.,  29752/99  (Bl)-O,  Aug. 
18,  1915;  S.  &  A.,  380-545. 

CASTOR  OIL. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT  SPECIFICATIONS  1406b,  June  2,  1919;  superseding  14O6a, 

Nov.  1,  1915. 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS 

1.  General  Specifications  for  Inspection  of  Material, 
issued  by  the  Navy  Department,  in  effect  at  date  of  open- 
ing of  bids,  shall  form  part  of  these  specifications. 


31 

MATERIAL. 

2.  The  material  supplied  under  these  specifications  shall 
be  pure  castor  oil,  free  from  resins,  other  oils,  suspended 
matter,  grit,  water,  or  any  other  adulterant.     Castor  oil 
shall  have  at  ordinary  temperatures  a  thick,  sluggish  vis- 
cous consistency,  and  shall  give  off  at  first  a  faint,  mild 
odor,  which  may  afterwards  become  slightly  acrid  and  of- 
fensive.    Oil  shall  be  furnished  in  accordance  with  the  re- 
quirements for  '''Grade  A"  or  " Grade  B"  as  specified. 

PURPOSE. 

3.  " Grade  A"  oil  is  intended  to  be  used  for  lubricating 
purposes.     "Grade  B "  oil  is  intended  to  be  used  for  soften- 
ing and  preserving  leather  packing. 

CHEMICAL  AND  PHYSICAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

4.  "Grade  A"  and  "Grade  B"  castor  oil  shall  conform 
to  the  following  requirements  : 

(a)  Specific  Gravity  at  15.5°  C.  (60°  F.)  shall  be 

from  0.952  to  0.972. 
(6)  Saponifi  cation  number  shall  be  between  179 

and  184. 

(c)  Solubility. — (1)  The   oil  shall  be   completely 
soluble  in  all  proportions  in  absolute  alcohol 
and  glacial  acetic  acid,  and  one  volume  of  oil 
shall  be  completely  soluble,  at  20°  C.,  in  not 
more   than   4   volumes   of   90   per ,  cent   ethyl 
alcohol  (specific  gravity  0.834).     (2)  When  90 
c.  c.  of  59°  Baume"  gasoline  are  added  to  10  c.  c. 
of  castor  oil  in  a  graduated,  ground  glass  stop- 
pered   cylinder,    thoroughly    shaken,    and    al- 
lowed to  settle,   the  castor  oil  shall  dissolve 
from  3.25  to  4.25  c.  c.  of  the  gasoline;  the  tem- 
perature of  the  gasoline,  castor  oil,  and  of  the 
mixture  of  both  shall  be  maintained  between 
18.3°  and  24°  C.  [65°  and  75°  F.]. 

(d)  Acidity. — (1)  "Grade    A":  Not    over    three 
(3)  milligrams  of  potassium  hydroxide  (KOH) 


shall  be  required  to  neutralize  the  organic 
acidity  in  one  gram  of  the  oil.  (2)  "  Grade 
B":  Not  over  ten  (10)  milligrams  of  potas- 
sium hydroxide  (KOH)  shall  be  required  to  neu- 
tralize the  organic  acidity  in  one  gram  of  the  oil. 
(e)  Color.— (I)  "Grade  A"  oil  shall  have  a  pale 
yellowish  or  almost  colorless  transparent  ap- 
pearance. (2)  "  Grade  B"  oil  may  be  green- 
ish yellow  in  color. 

NOTE. — The  oil  supplied  under  the  above  requirements 
for  ''Grade  A  "  shall  be  "cold-pressed  "  oil.  Oil  extracted 
by  a  naphtha  process  and  conforming  to  the  above  speci- 
cations  will  be  acceptable  as  "Grade  B"  oil. 

CONTAINERS. 

5.  Castor  oil  shall  be  delivered  in  5-gallon  tin  cans  in 
2-can  cases  complying  with  the  latest  issue  of  Navy  De- 
partment specification  for  "  5-gallon  tin  cans  and  shipping 
cases/'  or,  if  specifically  required,  in  steel  drums  or  tight 
well-made  casks,  containing  about  50  gallons  each. 

MARKING. 

6.  (a)   Cans  shall  be  labeled  with  the  name  of  the  ma- 
terial, the  grade,  the  quantity  contained,  and  the  name  of 
the  manufacturer. 

(b)  Cases  shall  be  marked  with  the  name  of  the  mate- 
rial, the  grade,  the  name  of  the  contractor,  and  the  requi- 
sition or  contract  number  under  which  delivery  is  made. 

(c)  Drums  and  casks  shall  be  marked  with  the  name  of 
the  material,  the  grade,  the  quantity  contained,  the  name 
of  the  contractor,  and  the  requisition  or  contract  number 
under  which  delivery  is  made. 

Specifications,  where  obtainable. — NOTE:  Copies  of  the  above  specifica- 
tions may  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

References.— S.  E.,  374577-692-S,  Dec.  5,  1918;  C.  &  R.,  Z14-0-6  (S), 
Dec.  21,  1918;  Ord.,  34641/132  (B3)-O,  Jan.  13,  1919;  S.  &  A.,  380-544. 


is 


•*>&£ 


of 


MAR 


Gaylord  Bros. 

Makers 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
PAT.  JAN.  21, 1908 


458703 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  UBRARY 


